Op-ed
As the world moves closer to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development deadline, achieving gender equality remains a distant goal. Globally, progress has been slow, with estimates suggesting that it could take nearly 300 years to close gaps in legal protection, 140 years to achieve equal representation in leadership, and 40 years to reach parity in national parliaments. Shockingly, one in every 10 women lives in extreme poverty, and if current trends continue, 342.4 million women and girls will still be living on less than $2.15 a day by 2030. These stark figures underscore the urgent need for transformative action. More distressing is that there may be a regression on some of the progress made in gender equality over the past few decades.
However, in Eritrea, the unstoppable force of women’s empowerment embodies resilience, progress, and hope. From independence to the forefront of national development, Eritrean women have played a significant role in shaping the nation’s path. Despite the challenges, the progress in empowering Eritrean women across all sectors is not just a moral imperative— it is a strategic necessity for national progress and sustainable development. The progress should give hope and optimism for the future of gender equality in the country.
The 2024 Voluntary National Review (VNR) report highlights Eritrea’s progress in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular emphasis on Gender Equality (SDG 5), alongside Quality Education (SDG 4) and Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6). The report showcases Eritrea’s commitment to empowering women and girls through legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and targeted initiatives.
As the 2024 VNR shows, Eritrea has made significant progress in creating institutional and policy frameworks to support women’s rights. The 1994 Eritrea National Charter enshrines gender equality, and subsequent laws—such as bans on child marriage and FGM— reflect efforts to protect women’s rights. The country has ratified key international agreements, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, among others.
A standout highlight is the decline in the prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM) among girls under 15, dropping from 33.2% in 2010 to an impressive 2.3% in 2020. This progress reflects the impact of Eritrea’s legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and community engagement efforts. Despite obstacles, such as cultural norms and resource limitations, the country remains committed to overcoming these barriers.
Women in Eritrea are increasingly participating in the economy, from agriculture to entrepreneurship. According to the 2018 National Labor Force Survey, women represent a significant portion of the formal labor force and hold a substantial share of managerial roles, reflecting their increasing influence in the workforce. This is a testament to their hard work and dedication, and it should make us all proud and supportive of their achievements. Additionally, the percentage of women in administrative roles within manufacturing has risen from 37% in 2015 to 38% in 2022, reflecting gradual but steady progress.
The Land Proclamation of 1994 guarantees equal access to land for all Eritreans, regardless of gender. Expanding women’s economic opportunities is key to reducing poverty and driving inclusive growth. Continued efforts to empower women will unlock their full potential and contribute to national development.
Eritrea has also made notable progress in advancing women’s representation in leadership, particularly in the judiciary. Women now hold 22% of high court judgeships, 36% of public prosecutor roles, and 37% of elected community court judgeships. Furthermore, women’s representation in regional assemblies has been sustained at 29%, with 37% of local administrators being women.
The National Union of Eritrean Women (NUEW) and other organizations continue to play a crucial role in advocating for women’s rights and empowering women at the grassroots level. Their efforts have helped raise awareness and mobilize communities against harmful traditional practices.
To fully leverage the potential of Eritrea’s future, increased investment in women and girls’ participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is essential, as it will not only bridge gender gaps but also drive innovation and sustainable development.
Moreover, the significant contribution of women in unpaid care work, particularly in health and well-being, should be acknowledged and supported through policies that alleviate their burden and promote the equitable sharing of responsibilities. This acknowledgment should make all more empathetic and understanding of the challenges these women caregivers face in their daily lives.
In conclusion, Eritrea’s future depends on its ability to harness the potential of all its citizens, with women at the core of this progress. By investing in women’s education, health, economic opportunities, and leadership, Eritrea will unlock pathways to progress and prosperity.
The UNDP in Eritrea remains committed to supporting the State of Eritrea in its efforts to advance gender equality and sustainable development, ensuring that no one is left behind.