In the bustling terminals of Entebbe International Airport, frustration has become as common as departure announcements. Uganda Airlines, the country’s revived national carrier, has in recent months been plagued by setbacks that mirror the wider struggles of African aviation.
Just this month, passengers traveling to Dubai and other destinations were stranded for days following technical faults that left aircraft grounded in Lagos and London. Reports of poor communication, lack of accommodation, and even police intervention in Dubai to secure meals for affected travelers sparked public outrage.
The airline, already hemorrhaging losses–nearly shs300 billion (about USD 80 million) in 2024 alone–faces accusations of mismanagement, including concerns over leadership qualifications and executive remuneration that reportedly far exceeds that of counterparts at profitable airlines such as Ethiopian Airlines.
These incidents are not isolated. They reflect a continent-wide aviation crisis in which national carriers struggle under operational constraints, rising costs, weak governance, and fierce competition from well-capitalized global airlines.
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Africa’s aviation sector, despite leading global growth in passenger numbers in the post-pandemic period, remains structurally constrained. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) projects African airlines will generate only USD 0.2 billion in profits in 2025, translating into a razor-thin 1.1 percent net margin, far below the global average.
Fragmented markets and restrictive policies continue to hinder seamless operations. High fuel costs, excessive taxes, airport charges, and blocked funds–where governments restrict the repatriation of airline revenues–further erode viability. Safety concerns persist, with Africa recording an accident rate of 1.1 per million flights in 2025, pointing to infrastructure gaps and regulatory weaknesses.
Geopolitical tensions compound these challenges. Conflicts force costly rerouting of flights, while security risks in volatile regions raise insurance and operational costs. Meanwhile, intra-African connectivity remains limited: only 20 percent of air travel within Africa is intra-continental, compelling passengers to make expensive detours through Europe or the Middle East.
Uganda Airlines’ struggles echo those of other African carriers, including Kenya Airways, which has grappled with heavy debt and repeated government bailouts despite strategic partnerships with KLM. Across the continent, airlines face common operational constraints, fleet underutilization, and the harsh reality of competing against entrenched global and regional giants.
While governance reforms and private-sector partnerships offer part of the solution, national fixes alone are insufficient. Africa needs a bolder, collective vision.
Africa’s aviation future lies in a joint Pan-African airline, owned by continental shareholders and aligned with the African Union’s integration agenda. Such a carrier–an “Air Africa” for the modern era–could pool resources, spread risk, and harness collective strength.
Equity could be distributed among member states based on population size, GDP, or aviation needs. With economies of scale, a joint airline would be better positioned to negotiate favorable fuel contracts, aircraft leases, insurance, and maintenance agreements–costs that currently cripple smaller national operators.
Shared fleets would improve aircraft utilization and operational resilience, addressing issues such as limited wide-body availability that contributed to Uganda Airlines’ recent disruptions. By prioritizing underserved routes, the airline could significantly boost intra-African connectivity and support trade under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
Tourism would benefit immensely from affordable, direct flights between cities such as Lagos and Johannesburg or Nairobi and Dakar–unlocking billions of dollars in potential GDP growth.
The benefits extend beyond balance sheets. A Pan-African airline would symbolize unity and shared purpose, echoing the vision of the now-defunct Air Afrique, which connected West African nations from the 1960s until the early 2000s. Its failure offers lessons: the need for transparent governance, professional management, and insulation from political interference.
With a multinational board combining public oversight and private-sector expertise, accountability could be strengthened. Sustainability would also gain momentum. Collective bargaining for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) could help overcome current barriers such as high costs and regulatory gaps, positioning Africa as a future leader in green aviation.
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Critics may argue that Africa’s fragmentation makes such a venture unrealistic, citing past alliance failures. Yet recent developments–including Kenya Airways’ evolving partnerships and the ongoing implementation of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM)–suggest growing momentum toward liberalization and cooperation.
National pride alone cannot sustain loss-making airlines. Smart, continent-wide partnerships can.
By uniting as shareholders, African nations can transform aviation from a perennial loss-maker into a powerful engine of integration, trade, and shared prosperity. For Uganda Airlines and its peers, the future may not lie in isolated revival, but in rebirth through solidarity.
The skies are ready for Africa’s collective ascent.
David Sempala is a seasoned Communication Consultant and Chief Executive Officer of Royalway Media Ltd.
